Does winter weather have you feeling down? You could have seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a mood disorder that mimics symptoms of depression and coincides with the change in seasons. Generally, it occurs during the winter months, but on rare occasion can occur in the summer.

SAD is more common in women than in men and typically starts in young adulthood. Experts believe that this “winter depression” could be due to hormonal changes brought on by lack of sunlight. Reduced sunlight in the fall and winter can lead to reduced serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, that when reduced has been linked to depression. With normal levels, serotonin has a soothing and calming effect. Additionally, your body may be producing too much melatonin, which is a hormone that our brains produce in darkness that is involved in sleep regulation and body temperature. A lack of serotonin and an increase in melatonin could be the culprit behind the winter weather blues.

SAD can have a wide range of impact on a person’s well-being. Some people report feeling moody or off-balance, while others have more serious symptoms that affect their day-to-day life and relationships.

Symptoms are similar to that of depression and include:

• Depressed mood
• Fatigue
• Increased appetite (especially for foods high in carbohydrates) and weight gain
• Irritability
• Hopelessness
• Lethargy and lack of energy
• Increased sleep
• Decreased interest in work, life, and relationships
• Social withdrawal

Seasonal affective disorder, like any other health issue, should not be ignored. If left untreated it can escalate into a major depressive syndrome. Treatment can consist of antidepressant medications and/or light therapy. Additionally, your doctor may recommend spending more time outside, especially in the morning.